Water in the West—one of the most enduring and confounding stories of human settlement anywhere around the world.
Jim Holway, who retired as director of the Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy this summer, has spent more than 40 years helping to solve the puzzle of ensuring sustainable water resources in this increasingly arid region. In the latest Land Matters podcast, he describes the challenges ahead, and the kind of leadership—and serious, good-faith negotiation—it will take to establish a more secure water future.
With some places having their water restricted, and big reservoirs like Lake Mead drawing down to historically low levels, it has become increasingly clear that water from the Colorado River—distributed to nine states in the US and Mexico through a series of agreements and amendments hammered out since the 1920s—is no longer enough to meet the demands of a fast-growing population.
How did the region get to this point? “I’d say it was a combination of optimism, beginning with allocating more water [than would be available], and then it was just ignoring science for political reasons,” said Holway. “If I want to get my water project approved, it’s going to be a lot easier if I can convince people there’s enough water left for their project too. Even once we should have known better, we acted like we didn’t know better.”
The water allocations now have a structural deficit, Holway said, that is clear throughout the year-to-year ups and downs of drought and sufficient snowpack. Climate change is intensifying everything.
“We designed a hydrologic system for a physical reality that is changing on us, and the change in the level of heat is driving the system. More evaporation and more demand for agriculture, more demand in urban use—that heat is actually a more significant factor than precipitation. Whereas there is a lot of uncertainty about what the future precipitation changes will be in the Southwest, it’s very clear that it’s going to be hotter.”
While politicians debate climate science, Holway says, water and land managers know they have no choice but to prepare for the uncertain future that climate change will bring: “Droughts that cause inadequate supplies for historic uses, floods that exceed the infrastructure we’ve built to handle flooding, wildfires of much greater intensity and size, urban areas that are getting increasingly hot and leading to crisis situations in the middle of the summer—this is the reality of our future, and we need to adapt to deal with it.”
Building the capacity of local communities to integrate land use planning and the management of water resources has been the calling card of the Babbitt Center under Holway’s tenure, including using scenario planning techniques to map out future supply and demand conditions. Importantly, agriculture—which uses approximately three-quarters of Colorado River water—has increasingly been at the table, Holway said.
When asked to look to the future, Holway said, “It’s important for anyone doing this kind of work to find some way to sustain themselves. I suspect the thing that makes me most optimistic is when I look at the 20- and 30-year-olds getting involved . . . it seems that they really have an understanding of the challenges they’re inheriting.”
One of those challenges is developing the capacity to work together as a civilization to address water shortages in a more serious and straightforward manner, he said.
“When societies fail, it may look like it’s because of a flood, a drought, disease, or warfare. However, societies have survived those challenges before. Why do they not survive the next one? Typically, what we find is they have lost the ability to govern themselves.
“To me, that is where my main pessimism comes from. It isn’t our water challenge. It’s, will we come together? Will we make the necessary decisions we need to govern ourselves? That is our biggest challenge, and it’s what we’re doing particularly badly at the moment.”
Water, Holway said, “perhaps will help us rediscover our ability to come together and make collaborative decisions. There are very few things that humans see as critical to their survival [more than] a good water supply. That’s pretty clear and pretty compelling. Let’s hope it’s part of our path forward.”
Jim Holway served as director of the Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy from its founding in 2017 until late 2023. He was elected to the board of the Central Arizona Water Conservation District, directed the Western Lands and Communities program with the Sonoran Institute, and served as a professor of practice in sustainability at Arizona State University and assistant director at the Arizona Department of Water Resources. He has degrees from Cornell University and the University of North Carolina, and was inducted into the College of Fellows of the American Institute of Certified Planners.
Anthony Flint is a senior fellow at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, host of the Land Matters podcast, and a contributing editor of Land Lines.
Lead image: Jim Holway, founding director of the Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy. Credit: Courtesy image.
Scranton, Pennsylvania, is facing a challenge familiar to legacy cities across the US: building its postindustrial future, now that the industries of yesteryear—in this case, coal, iron, steel, and textiles—are long gone. Essentially, Scranton must reinvent itself as a metropolis that was built, more than a century ago, for purposes that no longer exist.
Into this moment comes Paige Cognetti, a transplant from Oregon with an MBA and a stint in the Treasury department during the Obama administration, to help forge a way forward. Cognetti was serving as an advisor to the Pennsylvania auditor general and director of the Scranton school board when she won a special election for mayor in 2019, replacing a chief executive who had resigned after pleading guilty to corruption charges. She won reelection to a full term in November 2021, and is the first woman to hold the office.
Earlier in her career, the 43-year-old Cognetti worked in several political campaigns and as an investment advisor in New York City. Senior Fellow Anthony Flint caught up with the mayor on a trip to Scranton for the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania chapter of the American Planning Association.
Anthony Flint:  Scranton was President Biden’s hometown, the place where urbanist Jane Jacobs grew up, and the setting for the comedy series The Office. With these interesting connections to politics and culture in mind, what’s special about the city for you? What qualities are drawing new residents and facilitating regeneration?
Paige Cognetti: It’s funny, politics brought me to Scranton. I moved to Washington, DC, in 2005, and ended up coming to Scranton for a political campaign, and then met my husband. It’s a long story until we get here in 2023, but politics did bring me to Scranton, and it can be a real anchor for what Scranton is known for.
Mayor Paige Cognetti, with the iconic Scranton Electric Building visible in the background. Courtesy photo.
More important than that is its existence as a legacy city, as an industrial city that was part of the industrial revolution in the United States, and exported things abroad, exported energy all throughout North America. That’s a huge piece of our heritage. The anthracite coal that was mined from around and underneath us really set the tone for the type of entrepreneurship that we are still known for and that we’re looking to have more of in Scranton.
The textile industry was also big here. You would have men working in coal mines and women working in textiles. There was this really perfect marriage between those two industries, and that drove the economy for a very long time. Of course, we don’t have those industries here anymore. The Scranton story now is one, I think, of resilience and creativity. Also a little bit of luck.
The different generations before us saw that if you anchor everything in an extractive industry like coal, and that goes away, then you’re left with nothing. They did a good job of diversifying the economy. We have lots of educational institutions, we have hospitals, we have healthcare, we have services. We also still have 11 percent of our jobs that are based in manufacturing. You see a lot of families that have continued through generations to own different businesses and be a part of multiple types of industries. You still have people who live in the home that their grandparents or even great-grandparents built.
It’s a special place in that way. We’ve taken a lot of the great things about our past and are applying them to the future.
AF: Thinking about this idea of repurposing a city that was built for something else: the Scranton Lace factory used to employ thousands of people on a 34-building campus, which is being redeveloped into a mixed-use residential neighborhood. Is that a replica model, in your opinion? How can adaptive reuse go beyond a boutique scale?
PC: The Lace Village is going to be an entirely new neighborhood right in the core of our city. It used to have thousands of employees and there was childcare, there was bowling, there was hair salons, there was everything. By recreating that and making a new neighborhood right there, it’s just going to be really exciting for our whole city. It’s great for all the neighborhoods around it, it’s great for the school system, it’s going to reinvigorate this industrial heart that we have there.
An industrial loom on the grounds of the former Scranton Lace Company. The complex is being redeveloped into a mixed-use residential community. Credit: Anthony Flint.
We’ve got lots of different places that I think could be like Lace Village, though not on as big of a scale. We have a cigar factory that’s just about a mile from Lace Village that’s just been redone into, I think, 150 condos. Those opened up just a few months ago. That’s a huge population boost, an energy boost for this one little segment of our neighborhood. There’s pockets of that all over the city, and that’s something that I think we can replicate.
It does take a lot of funds. We have helped shepherd state money to that project. We believe very deeply that these have to be public-private partnerships. There’s so much remediation that needs to be done. There’s so much local work that needs to be done with the streets and the curbs and the sidewalks and the lighting.
It’s important that we try to find creative ways to help fund it because we know it’s a very heavy lift to take something that used to be a factory or an industrial area and make it usable again.
AF: Because of these earlier industrial functions, Scranton has a difficult legacy of toxic pollution. How does that make redevelopment more challenging?
PC: Scranton is built on mines. Our home is actually built on top of a mine. There’s an empty lot a few parcels down from us where a house actually started to subside, and they had to take the house down. We definitely have legacy issues. We all deal with them personally. Everybody who lives in Scranton, the earth got gutted beneath us and so we deal with that all the time now.
The generations before us did a good job of cleaning those things up. We’ve come a long way, but we still have a lot of issues.
An example in our downtown is a new pocket park that finally just got sod in and the flowers are planted, the trees are planted. It used to be a dry cleaner, and just from having a dry cleaner—not even a gas plant, not even coal mining—it’s been hundreds and hundreds of thousands of dollars and many, many different iterations of how we’re going to fund this.
There’s these things that just take so much time and money. Interestingly in a place like Scranton, folks are used to [the idea that] it’s going to take a while. It’s going to take some more money.
We see a lot of issues in our stormwater. There’s a lot of things that we have to be very careful with and how we do things underground because of that legacy of mining. The riverfront that we have [along the] Lackawanna River is beautiful, but it was built up with factories. We have a long way to go to redevelop the river and celebrate it in a way that people are putting restaurants and cafes there. We don’t have those places, but the river is clean. The river is absolutely beautiful. The next piece is that land use. The next piece is that development and we’re eager to keep partnering with our developers to help realize that.
AF: You’ve had some serious flooding issues—what is needed to manage those kinds of vulnerabilities and to build resilience? How might that apply to other postindustrial cities confronting more intense climate impacts?
PC: I think every city is facing intense climate impacts. What’s interesting about a place like Scranton is, we have not taken care of the infrastructure, and so even before these last few years where the climate-related storms have started to increase, we already had a long way to go. We had a huge storm in September. We got six inches in 90 minutes, and it just blew through a few of our creeks, jumped the creeks, made new creeks through people’s yards. Even if we’d done all the projects we already have planned and teed up, I don’t even know if we’d gotten those done if that would’ve helped much given the volume of that water that came down. We’ve got millions and millions and millions of dollars of work to do.
The challenge, of course, is the funding and the fact that no matter what we do, there’s still going to be issues. The other piece is the politics of it: we don’t have a regional stormwater authority. We’re working on it, and we’ve got some of our neighboring boroughs and townships on board. The county’s not interested in doing a holistic one, but we’re looking at probably eight of our municipalities that are going to join in this authority that will work together to do stormwater mitigation. Hopefully, by pulling those resources, we’ll be able to have an authority that’s taking care of those maintenance pieces and those bigger projects and is able to raise funds on its own for those big pieces.
AF: Finally, how satisfied are you that the city has increased bike and pedestrian safety? I’ve been here and have been walking around. It’s a wonderful grid.
PC: We just came off of a walkability study, and we have a plan. We’re looking to drastically reimagine our downtown’s flow. It’s a beautiful grid, it’s gorgeous architecture, but the one-way streets and all the stoplights create hazards for bikes and pedestrians that are unnecessary. We’re looking to go to two-way streets in most of the streets, we’re looking to take down many of the stoplights and do four-way stop signs to really calm that traffic and make a safer environment. With those buildouts will be bike lanes and lots of trees and things that should make it an even more beautiful downtown to walk around.
Though Scranton’s love of one-way streets has been memorialized in the city’s street art, a recently completed connectivity study recommends converting many of them to two-way routes to reduce traffic speeds and improve pedestrian safety. Credit: City of Scranton.
We’ve got a lot of different grants teed up to be able to do this work. Our engineers are working on it now. We’re really looking forward to matching the architectural beauty of Scranton and the energy of all of our great shops and businesses, restaurants and bars with a streetscape that does them justice.
I think it will be a huge positive difference for our downtown, but like everything we do as mayors, it will take a little bit of money, a little bit of time, a little bit of conversation and a lot of enthusiasm.
Water in the West—one of the most enduring and confounding stories of human settlement anywhere around the world. Â
Jim Holway, who retired as director of the Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy this summer, has spent more than 40 years helping to solve the puzzle of ensuring sustainable water resources in this increasingly arid region. In the latest Land Matters podcast, he describes the challenges ahead, and the kind of leadership—and serious, good-faith negotiation—it will take to establish a more secure water future.Â
With some places having their water restricted, and big reservoirs like Lake Mead drawing down to historically low levels, it has become increasingly clear that water from the Colorado River—distributed to nine states in the US and Mexico through a series of agreements and amendments hammered out since the 1920s—is no longer enough to meet the demands of a fast-growing population.Â
How did the region get to this point? “I’d say it was a combination of optimism, beginning with allocating more water [than would be available], and then it was just ignoring science for political reasons,” said Holway. “If I want to get my water project approved, it’s going to be a lot easier if I can convince people there’s enough water left for their project too. Even once we should have known better, we acted like we didn’t know better.”Â
The water allocations now have a structural deficit, Holway said, that is clear throughout the year-to-year ups and downs of drought and sufficient snowpack. Climate change is intensifying everything.Â
“We designed a hydrologic system for a physical reality that is changing on us, and the change in the level of heat is driving the system. More evaporation and more demand for agriculture, more demand in urban use—that heat is actually a more significant factor than precipitation. Whereas there is a lot of uncertainty about what the future precipitation changes will be in the Southwest, it’s very clear that it’s going to be hotter.”Â
While politicians debate climate science, Holway says, water and land managers know they have no choice but to prepare for the uncertain future that climate change will bring: “Droughts that cause inadequate supplies for historic uses, floods that exceed the infrastructure we’ve built to handle flooding, wildfires of much greater intensity and size, urban areas that are getting increasingly hot and leading to crisis situations in the middle of the summer—this is the reality of our future, and we need to adapt to deal with it.”Â
Building the capacity of local communities to integrate land use planning and the management of water resources has been the calling card of the Babbitt Center under Holway’s tenure, including using scenario planning techniques to map out future supply and demand conditions. Importantly, agriculture—which uses approximately three-quarters of Colorado River water—has increasingly been at the table, Holway said.Â
When asked to look to the future, Holway said, “It’s important for anyone doing this kind of work to find some way to sustain themselves. I suspect the thing that makes me most optimistic is when I look at the 20- and 30-year-olds getting involved . . . it seems that they really have an understanding of the challenges they’re inheriting.”Â
One of those challenges is developing the capacity to work together as a civilization to address water shortages in a more serious and straightforward manner, he said.Â
“When societies fail, it may look like it’s because of a flood, a drought, disease, or warfare. However, societies have survived those challenges before. Why do they not survive the next one? Typically, what we find is they have lost the ability to govern themselves.Â
“To me, that is where my main pessimism comes from. It isn’t our water challenge. It’s, will we come together? Will we make the necessary decisions we need to govern ourselves? That is our biggest challenge, and it’s what we’re doing particularly badly at the moment.”Â
Water, Holway said, “perhaps will help us rediscover our ability to come together and make collaborative decisions. There are very few things that humans see as critical to their survival [more than] a good water supply. That’s pretty clear and pretty compelling. Let’s hope it’s part of our path forward.”Â
Jim Holway served as director of the Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy from its founding in 2017 until late 2023. He was elected to the board of the Central Arizona Water Conservation District, directed the Western Lands and Communities program with the Sonoran Institute, and served as a professor of practice in sustainability at Arizona State University and assistant director at the Arizona Department of Water Resources. He has degrees from Cornell University and the University of North Carolina, and was inducted into the College of Fellows of the American Institute of Certified Planners.Â
Anthony Flint is a senior fellow at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, host of the Land Matters podcast, and a contributing editor of Land Lines.
Lead image:Â Jim Holway, founding director of the Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy. Credit: Courtesy image.
DesafĂos con las redes
CĂłmo las batallas de uso del suelo dificultan la transiciĂłn hacia la energĂa limpian
Investigadores de la Universidad Princeton calcularon que, si la capacidad de fabricaciĂłn de las turbinas y los fotovoltaicos sigue aumentando como lo hizo hasta el momento durante los Ăşltimos años, se necesitarán hasta 640.000 kilĂłmetros cuadrados en los Estados Unidos para aprovechar la energĂa eĂłlica sola (Larson et al., 2020). Esto implica mucha infraestructura de energĂa renovable visible en las cumbres, en barrios suburbanos y en lo que puede considerarse patios de las viviendas de las personas.
A falta de una autoridad o un control federal, se están librando batallas de manera individual en cada estado sobre el emplazamiento de instalaciones eĂłlicas y solares, y la oposiciĂłn a modernizaciones y expansiones clave de la red que permitirán que la energĂa limpia se convierta en tendencia. En muchos casos, las instalaciones de energĂa renovable han recibido autorizaciĂłn para empezar a funcionar por medio del proceso de permisos, pero permanecen en el limbo porque no pueden conectarse a la anticuada red actual.
Una combinaciĂłn alocada de regulaciones de uso del suelo, incluidos los estatutos que restringen los campos de energĂa solar y los parques eĂłlicos, amplificĂł las voces de oposiciĂłn de los vecinos y grupos organizados, entre los que se encuentran algunas organizaciones medioambientales, lo que segĂşn muchos defensores climáticos es una profunda ironĂa de los tiempos.
Quienes apuntan a neutralizar las emisiones de carbono para mediados de siglo esperaban una ola alta de energĂa renovable que transformarĂa la forma en que todas las personas obtienen energĂa. Por el contrario, existen pulseadas y cuellos de botella a nivel local y estatal, ya que la ejecuciĂłn de esta extraordinaria transiciĂłn se empantana, literalmente, en la tierra.
A medida que crece la frustraciĂłn en lo que muchos ven como un mal pase de pelota en un momento clave en la lucha contra el cambio climático, Mills, que viene haciendo un seguimiento de las batallas sobre la energĂa renovable en todos los Estados Unidos y corredactĂł un artĂculo cientĂfico sobre el tema (Bessette y Mills, 2021), dice que se necesita un análisis más matizado sobre todos los lugares, ahora que las instalaciones están aumentando considerablemente. Los proyectos eĂłlicos en lugares con más personas y mayores atractivos paisajĂsticos tienen más probabilidad de ser objetados; los vecinos, además, son más propensos a resistirse a los grandes paneles solares en las tierras agrĂcolas, que muchos defensores de la energĂa limpia pensaron que serĂan más fáciles de vender.
La oposiciĂłn a los parques eĂłlicos marinos, en particular, al proyecto Cape Wind frente al cabo Cod, fue quizás el primer y más infame ejemplo de propietarios adinerados que rechazaron la infraestructura de energĂa limpia porque afirmaban que les arruinarĂa la vista. Pero los parques eĂłlicos en tierra, ya sea en la cima de las cumbres o sobre suelos agrĂcolas, han despertado una oposiciĂłn feroz, incluso en áreas remotas.
A las instalaciones solares no les fue mucho mejor. Si bien en los Estados Unidos hay más de 2.500 parques solares finalizados y en funcionamiento, en Indiana, Ohio, Virginia y otras partes se están bloqueando proyectos de energĂa solar. A menudo, los vecinos se escandalizan cuando ven lo enormes y visibles que son los paneles solares, sumado el uso intenso que hacen del suelo, que describen de un modo alarmante, por ejemplo, en una batalla sobre una propuesta del Medio Oeste, los compararon con llenar miles de canchas de fĂştbol con paneles de color azul intenso y brillante.
Un equipo del MIT estudiĂł 53 proyectos de energĂas renovables de los Estados Unidos que se pausaron, retrasaron o cancelaron entre 2008 y 2021 en 28 estados debido a la oposiciĂłn local. Los investigadores identificaron siete factores de conflicto en comĂşn: impacto medioambiental, viabilidad financiera, calidad de la participaciĂłn pĂşblica, derechos tribales, preocupaciones sobre la salud y la seguridad, y preocupaciones relacionadas con los valores de las tierras y las propiedades inmuebles (Susskind et al., 2022).
“Encontramos pruebas abrumadoras que sugieren que los reguladores locales, estatales y federales deben repensar el diseño y la ejecuciĂłn de los procesos de emplazamiento de la infraestructura”, concluyen los investigadores. “En los Estados Unidos, no se logrará una transiciĂłn rápida y justa a una energĂa renovable si los gestores de polĂticas y los desarrolladores de energĂa no se anticipan y responden de forma proactiva a todo el surtido de fuentes de oposiciĂłn local”.
La oposiciĂłn a las lĂneas de transmisiĂłn que se necesitan para controlar la energĂa limpia nueva ha sido quizás lo más estresante de todo, y deja en un limbo a las instalaciones que ya se construyeron o autorizaron, un escenario insostenible para las empresas y los inversionistas de tecnologĂas verdes.
En el libro Superpower (Superpoder), la autora Russell Gold hizo una crĂłnica del intento, finalmente en vano, por parte del empresario de Houston Michael Skelly de obtener la aprobaciĂłn de una lĂnea de transmisiĂłn para conectar los parques eĂłlicos en Oklahoma con la red de Tennessee, que se volviĂł emblemática por la oposiciĂłn de la comunidad acompañada de los polĂticos (Gold 2020). Pero se sigue repitiendo el mismo problema. Pasaron 18 años hasta que las autoridades federales aprobaron una transmisiĂłn de 1.178 kilĂłmetros para transportar energĂa limpia desde el propuesto parque eĂłlico TransWest de 700 turbinas en unas tierras de haciendas en Wyoming hasta viviendas y negocios en California. El proyecto interestatal requiriĂł mĂşltiples aprobaciones en virtud de la Ley Nacional de ProtecciĂłn Medioambiental (National Environmental Protection Act, NEPA), con una examinaciĂłn detallada de los impactos sobre la flora y la fauna, incluido el urogallo de las artemisas.
Las objeciones a la infraestructura verde han evocado batallas pasadas sobre las especies en peligro, sitios sagrados y otras tierras de valor cultural. El proyecto Greenlink West, una lĂnea de transmisiĂłn de 760 kilĂłmetros a lo largo de Nevada, está siendo blanco de crĂticas porque puede afectar los fĂłsiles de colmillos de mamut lanudo.
La iniciativa Derechos Renovables del Lugar (Site Renewables Right) de The Nature Conservancy, que identifica lugares apropiados para la energĂa solar y eĂłlica en el centro de los Estados Unidos al trazar un mapa de los factores, incluido el impacto medioambiental y la producciĂłn agrĂcola, es un buen ejemplo de cĂłmo intentar encontrar soluciones factibles, añadiĂł Welch. Otro es el estudio del condado de Baltimore sobre el emplazamiento de los paneles solares, que identificĂł alrededor de 14.000 hectáreas de lugares potenciales Ăłptimos para la energĂa solar en terrazas, espacios de estacionamiento y suelo degradado (Minnemeyer y Wiggans, 2020).
A muchos, la coordinaciĂłn federal, que rememora el establecimiento más intencional de infraestructura en la primera mitad del siglo XX, les pareciĂł un primer paso obvio. Esta primavera, el senador de los Estados Unidos Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) y el representante de los Estados Unidos Mike Quigley (D-IL) introdujeron la Ley de OptimizaciĂłn de la TransmisiĂłn Interestatal de Electricidad (SITE Act), que establecerĂa una autoridad nueva de emplazamiento federal en la ComisiĂłn Federal Reguladora de EnergĂa (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) para facilitar el proceso de construcciĂłn de lĂneas de transmisiĂłn de alto voltaje y largo alcance.
El mercado de electricidad se estructura de forma diferente en el noroeste del PacĂfico que en California y otros estados, lo que dificulta mucho más la planificaciĂłn y coordinaciĂłn, dijo Emily Moore, directora del programa para el Clima y la EnergĂa del Sightline Institute. Washington y OregĂłn tienen planes de acciĂłn climática asertivos para cambiar a la energĂa limpia, pero incluso si todos los servicios pĂşblicos concuerdan en hacer el cambio mañana, la red no podrĂa soportar la carga, dijo, asĂ que cientos de proyectos de energĂa solar y eĂłlica están languideciendo.
Cuando los proyectos de energĂa renovable o las lĂneas de transmisiĂłn se presentan por primera vez al pĂşblico, los desarrolladores deberĂan practicar una mayor participaciĂłn de las partes interesadas, dijo Josh Hohn, director de la empresa de diseño urbano Stantec. Hohn incita a los coordinadores de proyectos a ayudar a las personas a visualizar lo que realmente se propone “antes de dar rienda suelta a la imaginaciĂłn”.
En un nivel más conceptual, McKibben, que fundĂł la organizaciĂłn Third Act para reclutar a boomers ancianos preocupados por el cambio climático, pidiĂł un cambio en la forma de pensar a la hora de analizar la infraestructura para la energĂa limpia. En lugar de verla como algo feo, sugiere, podrĂamos apreciar cĂłmo está ayudando al planeta a dejar los combustibles fĂłsiles y los grandes beneficios econĂłmicos que tiene a la vez. “Es otro tipo de belleza”, dijo en una entrevista, a pesar de que reconociĂł que las personas están acostumbradas a juzgar los paisajes por medio de indicadores más convencionales.
AĂşn queda por ver si tal reconceptualizaciĂłn puede suceder. Pero es evidente que la relaciĂłn de las personas con el suelo se convirtiĂł en un elemento clave de la transiciĂłn hacia la energĂa limpia. Ante todo, este es un momento propicio para una polĂtica de suelo a consciencia, con el futuro del planeta que pende de un hilo, dijo Patrick Welch del Instituto Lincoln.
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Larson, Eric, Chris Greig, Jesse Jenkins, Erin Mayfield, Andrew Pascale, Chuan Zhang, Joshua Drossman, Robert Williams, Steve Pacala y Robert Socolow. 2020. “Net-Zero America: Potential Pathways, Infrastructure, and Impacts”. Interim report. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University. 15 de diciembre. https://environmenthalfcentury.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf331/fil….
Riofrancos, Thea, Alissa Kendall, Kristi K. Dayemo, Matthew Haugen, Kira McDonald, Batul Hassan y Margaret Slattery. 2023. “Achieving Zero Emissions with More Mobility and Less Mining”. University of California-Davis Climate and Community Project. https://www.climateandcommunity.org/more-mobility-less-mining.
Susskind, Lawrence, Jungwoo Chun, Alexander Gant, Chelsea Hodgkins, Jessica Cohen y Sarah Lohmar. 2022. “Sources of Opposition to Renewable Energy Projects in the United States”. Energy Policy. Vol. 165. Junio. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421522001471.
Research on Land Policy and Urban Development in Latin America and the Caribbean
Registration Deadline:
January 15, 2024 at 11:59 PM
The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy invites proposals for original research on land policies and urban development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Our objective is to understand how land policies are overcoming—or can overcome—systemic challenges to sustainable development in the region, including housing affordability and informality, spatial segregation, fiscal autonomy, and climate change. We need to think holistically to produce structural changes to address these challenges, so we are seeking to shed light on current policy debates across the region on key research areas of interest to the Lincoln Institute. These areas include the implementation of land-based financing instruments for infrastructure finance and fiscal stability, approaches to informal settlements’ upgrading and regularization, policies to reduce housing deficits, and enabling nature-based solutions for climate action.
Application guidelines and proposal submissions are also available in Spanish and Portuguese.
Details
Registration Deadline
January 15, 2024 at 11:59 PM
Keywords
Adaptation, Climate Mitigation, Housing, Inequality, Informal Land Markets, Infrastructure, Land Market Regulation, Land Use, Land Use Planning, Land Value, Municipal Fiscal Health, Planning, Property Taxation, Public Finance, Public Policy, Urban Development, Urban Upgrading and Regularization, Value Capture, Water
Requests for Proposals
Research on Municipal Fiscal Health and Land Policies
Registration Deadline:
February 5, 2024 at 11:59 PM
The submission deadline has been extended from January 29 to February 5, 2024.Â
The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy invites proposals for original research that can be applied to address the challenge of promoting the fiscal health of municipal governments in a range of contexts and institutional settings across the world. We are particularly interested in research that explores the ways sound urban planning, land-based taxation, and economic development combine with disciplined financial management to promote prosperous, sustainable, equitable, and fiscally healthy communities.
Research proposed should examine some of the most pressing questions that local officials around the world are confronting in the fiscal policy arena, with an emphasis on the implications for local land policy and planning decisions.
Details
Registration Deadline
February 5, 2024 at 11:59 PM
Keywords
Development, Economic Development, Housing, Infrastructure, Land Use Planning, Land Value, Land Value Taxation, Land-Based Tax, Local Government, Municipal Fiscal Health, Property Taxation, Public Finance, Public Policy, Urban Development, Value Capture, Value-Based Taxes, Zoning
Requests for Proposals
Research on Methods to Estimate Land Value Increments from Public Actions
Registration Deadline:
January 29, 2024 at 11:59 PM
The submission deadline has been extended from January 22, 2024 to January 29, 2024.Â
The Lincoln Institute seeks research proposals on approaches the public sector uses to quantify the value it adds to private land through its actions—a critical step toward recovering at least part of that added value to reinvest in projects or services that benefit communities. Estimating the land value increments government actions trigger is still an area of land-based financing that merits greater understanding. For instance, adequately implementing public financing tools like special assessments or betterment contributions requires technical studies to assess the value increases that investments in infrastructure produce in adjacent or nearby private land; measuring those value increases allows contributions to be properly allocated among property owners who benefit from such public investments. Similarly, when an urban district is rezoned to allow for more productive land uses or denser development, localities may estimate charges or fees for the right to build according to the newly established land use or density allowance.
We are interested in methods, techniques, and practical approaches across geographies, and in a diversity of institutional settings, to value land appreciation due to public actions—including investments in roads, railways, bridges, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, transit systems, blue-green infrastructure, telecommunications, and so forth, as well as to value added by changes in land use regulations or upzoning.
Details
Registration Deadline
January 29, 2024 at 11:59 PM
Keywords
Assessment, Development, Infrastructure, Land Use Planning, Land Value, Public Finance, Urban Development, Valuation, Value Capture, Zoning
John Farner Named Executive Director of the Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy
By Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, October 4, 2023
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John Farner, a leading expert on water, land use, and agriculture, has been named executive director of the Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy. Farner will lead the Babbitt Center’s work to promote the integration of land and water management in the United States and around the world.
Farner, who joined the Babbitt Center in September, was previously global chief sustainability officer of the precision agriculture technology company Netafim. He succeeds founding director Jim Holway, who is retiring after leading the Babbitt Center since its launch by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy in 2017.
“The Babbitt Center has established itself as a thought leader at the nexus of land use planning and water management in the Colorado River Basin under Jim Holway’s leadership, with a focus on connecting and supporting the communities that steward this essential resource,” said George W. McCarthy, president of the Lincoln Institute. “John Farner brings experience and perspectives to this role that will help us deepen our roots in the region, even as we expand our knowledge base and global influence.”
Farner has spent more than 20 years promoting solutions to global environmental challenges, and has addressed the United States Congress, the United Nations, and various other national and global organizations. Before joining Netafim, he served as head of sustainability, public affairs, and strategic initiatives for the US-based Irrigation Association, where he was the chief advocate and spokesperson for the industry before national and international policymakers, as well as NGOs. At Netafim, Farner oversaw initiatives related to agriculture, water replenishment, and corporate social responsibility.
“Water is the lifeblood of the West, and the decisions we make today will have lasting impacts well into our future,” Farner said. “I’m thrilled to be joining such a talented team as we embrace the challenge of making a positive impact on our land, water, and livelihoods. The spotlight on the Colorado River Basin is growing, and the Babbitt Center has proven to be the best resource for tools and solutions that help communities secure their water future. I’m excited to build upon our efforts and expand our reach, sharing what we’ve learned with others facing similar challenges in the United States and around the world.”
Since its founding, the Babbitt Center has developed tools and best practices to support community-led management of land and water resources in the Colorado River Basin, which is dependent on one of the most heavily used and overallocated rivers in the world. It works throughout the seven Colorado River Basin states, binationally across the Basin into Mexico, and with Native American Tribes, helping communities become more resilient and building an exchange of transformative ideas with other arid and semiarid regions.
“Effective land and water management is critically important, especially as the climate changes,” McCarthy noted. “The Babbitt Center is testing innovative new methodologies and approaches for both urban and rural communities, and we’re ready to share these ideas broadly as we help build capacity and resilience in the Basin and beyond.”