What comes to mind upon hearing Scranton, Pennsylvania? For some, it’s the location of the fictional company Dunder Mifflin, from the TV comedy series “The Office.” Others may know it as President Biden’s hometown. Hard-core urbanists will note that it’s also where Jane Jacobs grew up, before moving to New York City to do battle with Robert Moses.

Ultimately, though, much of what Scranton is about these days is what legacy cities are confronting across the US and indeed all over the world: its postindustrial future, now that the manufacturing industries of yesteryear are long gone.

In the case of Scranton, a railroad crossroads in northeast Pennsylvania, its industrial riches were built on mining and processing coal, as well as iron and steel and textiles, and a heyday of some of the nation’s first electric lights and electrified streetcars, which earned it the moniker the “Electric City.” Though some defense-related manufacturing remains, the city is facing a new frontier. Essentially, Scranton must reinvent itself as a metropolis that was built, beginning more than a century ago, for purposes that no longer exist.

Into this moment comes Paige Gebhardt Cognetti, a transplant from Oregon with an MBA and a stint in the Treasury Department during the Obama administration, to help try to forge a way forward. The 43-year-old mother of two was sworn in January 2020 after the previous chief executive resigned and pleaded guilty to corruption charges. She won reelection to a full term in November 2021, and is the first woman to hold the office.

“The Scranton story now is one, I think, of resilience and creativity,” Cognetti said in an interview for the Land Matters podcast. The establishment of the coal and textile industries “really set the tone for the type of entrepreneurship that we are still known for and that we’re looking to have more of in Scranton.”

Earlier generations recognized that local economy needed to be diversified, she said, so the city wasn’t tied to an anchor industry that would inevitably diminish. As a result, the city has “lots of educational institutions, we have hospitals, we have healthcare, we have services. We also still have 11 percent of our jobs that are based in manufacturing. . . . There’s a lot of different family-owned, smaller businesses. That’s really important for our economy.”

The efforts at reinvention are readily seen in projects such as Boomerang Park, site of a former gas plant, and in the transformation of the Scranton Lace Factory, which once employed thousands of people churning out curtains, tablecloths, parachutes, and camouflage netting before closing in 2002. The abandoned campus of red-brick factory buildings is now being turned into a mixed-use project with offices, homes, retail spaces, and event venues.

Those kinds of adaptive reuse projects are “unique and really catching people’s attention, so folks want to be there,” Cognetti said. “That’s something that I think we can replicate.”

She has been bullish on Scranton since she went there nearly 20 years ago and ordered a sandwich at a restaurant run by her future husband. She had grown up in Beaverton, Oregon, and graduated from the University of Oregon Clark Honors College with a BA in English literature; she ended up in Pennsylvania working for political campaigns including Barack Obama’s first run for President. She became a senior advisor to the Under Secretary for International Affairs at the US Treasury Department, was an investment advisor in New York City, and earned an MBA at Harvard Business School as well.

Before becoming mayor, Cognetti advised the Pennsylvania Auditor General on oversight of public school districts and care for older adults, and served on the Scranton School Board.

You can listen to the show and subscribe to Land Matters on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to podcasts.

This interview will be available online and in print in Land Lines magazine, as the latest installment in the Mayor’s Desk series. The first 20 Q&As with mayors from around the world have been compiled in a new book, with an introduction by former New York City Mayor Mike Bloomberg.

Further Reading

Now the mayor of Scranton, PA, Paige Gebhardt Cognetti’s passion for equity inspired by her time in CHC (University of Oregon Clark Honors College)

Scranton Elects First Female Mayor by Overwhelming Margin (Penn Live)

America’s Legacy Cities: Building an Equitable Renaissance (Lincoln Institute of Land Policy)

Remaking Local Economies (Lincoln Institute of Land Policy)

How Small and Midsize Legacy Cities Can Pursue Equitable, Comprehensive “Greening” (Lincoln Institute of Land Policy)

Anthony Flint is a senior fellow at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, host of the Land Matters podcast, and a contributing editor of Land Lines.

Lead image: Paige Cognetti. Credit: Courtesy photo.

Land policy decisions may not pack the headline punch of celebrity gossip or World Cup comebacks, but they can be far more consequential to people’s everyday lives. In that spirit, the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy awarded prizes for excellence in journalism on urban policy, sustainable development, and climate change at the 2023 Latin American Conference of Investigative Journalism (COLPIN) in Mexico City.  

The winning entries included an exploration of how climate finance mechanisms trap poorer countries in a cycle of debt and dependency, an account of indigenous land grabbing by an unscrupulous palm oil exporter, and a look at how luxury megaprojects in a Mexico City neighborhood threaten to drain the water supply for longtime residents. (Jump to the list of winners.)

This marks the second year that the Premio Lincoln has been awarded at the prestigious conference, which includes its own investigative reporting competition, as well as dozens of workshops and panel discussions held over four days. COLPIN is organized by the Lima, Peru–based Instituto Prensa y Sociedad (Press and Society Institute), or IPYS.  

Competition for the 2023 award—which drew 141 entries from 47 cities and 15 countries—was inspiring, says Laura Mullahy, senior program manager at the Lincoln Institute. The contest attracted so many worthy entries that she and the other judges decided to name three honorable mention winners this year, in addition to the top prizes. The 2023 winners hailed from Costa Rica, Brazil, and Mexico; last year’s winning entries were published in Mexico and Colombia.

The breadth of geography, topics, and media formats represented in the contest is an encouraging sign for Latin American journalism, Mullahy says—as are the winners themselves. “It was really very heartening to meet these talented, young, earnest journalists,” says Mullahy, who presented the awards both years. 

Empowering the Press

The Lincoln Institute has a long history of engaging journalists with its research, both in the United States—where for over 20 years, the organization’s Journalists Forum has convened members of the press around a central topic, such as climate change and housing—and in Latin America. The institute began offering land policy training classes for Brazilian journalists a decade ago, when economist Martim Smolka was the director of the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) program. “Back when Martim was director,” Mullahy recalls, “he always said, ‘There are three audiences I would do anything to get in a room, but they’re hard to get: members of parliament, judges, and journalists.’ So that was always in the back of my mind.”

At the time, Mullahy says, there was very little coverage of land policy in Latin American media, and what coverage did exist wasn’t always well informed; it wasn’t a topic journalists in the region encountered in their formal education. “Land policy is a little bit niche,” Mullahy says. “And so the thought was, well, maybe we’re the ones who can provide this.” 

With the goal of introducing core land policy concepts to journalists, the Lincoln Institute then partnered with IPYS to host a larger series of Latin America-wide training courses. Each session drew 30 or more participants, all of whom had to submit professional clips to be accepted into the program. By 2022, enough journalists were creating well-researched, engaging land use stories throughout Latin America that Mullahy and Adriana León at IPYS discussed the idea of offering a prize for urban land use reporting. “The stars seemed to align,” Mullahy says, and the inaugural Premio Lincoln drew more than 160 entries from 19 countries.

In addition to cash prizes—$3,000 for first place, $2,000 for second, and $1,000 for third—Lincoln Award winners are invited to attend and participate in the four-day COLPIN conference. At the 2022 conference in Rio de Janeiro, “Our panel discussion with the award recipients and two seasoned journalists who served on the selection committee highlighted how land policy-related stories can be developed as compelling journalistic reporting,” Mullahy says. This year’s winners joined a trio of veteran journalists—Miguel Jurado and Vanina Berghella of Argentina, and Chico Regueira of Brazil—for a session on researching cities and urban development.

Journalists are important allies to the Lincoln Institute’s mission, Mullahy says, but even those with an interest in land policy issues don’t always get the support they need from their editors or organizations. So it’s important to recognize and support those who bring quality urban and land use reporting into the mainstream.

Alongside the Lincoln Institute’s more than 30-year tradition of conducting research and offering free professional development courses in Latin America, the efforts to encourage and celebrate informed land use journalism is paying off, and not just for the prizewinners. Mullahy can see positive changes in Latin American land management practices “in which Lincoln Institute courses and their students have had an influence and, in some cases, an active role,” she told the LatAm Journalism Review. “We know our presence can make a difference.” 

2023 Winners

Here are the winners of the 2023 Lincoln Prize for Journalism on Urban Policy, Sustainable Development, and Climate Change: 

First place: Hassel Fallas and Michelle Soto from Costa Rica for their eight-article series, “¡Muéstrame el dinero! La ruta de los fondos climáticos en un mundo cada vez más caliente” (“Show Me the Money! The Route of Climate Funds in an Increasingly Hot World”), published in a collaboration between La Data Cuenta and Ojo al Clima.  

The series explores the global climate financing system to reveal a complex but unequal financial architecture that favors the interests of the Global North and hurts the most vulnerable countries, who have contributed least to the problem. Based on the analysis of databases from multiple sources, the series signals the need to correct the inequities in the distribution of resources and protect the planet for future generations.  

Second place: Karla Mendes for her article “Exportadora de óleo de palma acusada de fraude, grilagem de terras em cemitérios quilombolas” (“Brazil Palm Oil Exporter Accused of Fraud, Land-Grabbing in Quilombola Cemeteries”), published in Mongabay, Brazil.  

The article exposes a wide range of land-grabbing allegations against Agropalma, the only Brazilian company with a sustainability certificate issued by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), claiming that more than half of the 264,000 acres registered by Agropalma was derived from fraudulent land titles and even the creation of a fake land registration bureau. Moreover, the allegations assert that part of the area occupied by Agropalma overlaps with ancestral Quilombola land, including two cemeteries. The feature is available in three languages: 

Portuguese:  Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3  
English: Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3  
Spanish: Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 

Third place: Alejandro Melgoza Rocha and Jennifer González Posadas for “Ciudad sin agua. Un pueblo contra el gigante de concreto” (“A City Without Water: The People Against a Concrete Giant”), published in Mexico’s N+.  

This multimedia feature and video examine the complex issue of water scarcity in Mexico City, where the construction of luxury towers and shopping centers has depleted aquifers in the metropolitan zone, putting the ecosystems of the city at risk. As communities and indigenous peoples suffer from water shortages, road congestion, destruction of green areas, increased costs of services, and dispossession of their territory, the inaction of the authorities against developers has resulted in chaotic conflict. The article tells the story of residents taking on the most powerful player in the real estate industry.   

Honorable mention: Thiago Medaglia, Brazil, for “Aquazônia—A Floresta-Água” (“Aquazonia—The Water Rainforest”)  

Honorable mention: Aldo Facho Dede, Kenneth Sánchez Gonzales, and Vania García Pestana, Peru, for the podcast series “Ciudades Que Inspiran” (“Cities That Inspire”) 

Honorable mention: Juan Diego Ortiz Jiménez, of Colombia, for “Nómadas, Airbnb y falta de casas: en Medellín no hay cama para tanta gente” (“Nomads, Airbnb, and Housing Shortage: In Medellín, There Aren’t Enough Beds”) 

2022 Winners  

First place: Alejandro Melgoza Rocha (N+ Focus, Mexico), for “Tulum: un paraiso ilegal” (“Tulum, an Illegal Paradise”) 

Second place: Mónica Rivera Rueda (El Espectador, Colombia), for “Lo que debe saber del POT en Bogotá” (“What You Need to Know about the Land Management Plan in Bogotá”)  

Third place: Andrés de la Peña Subacius (Zona Docs, Mexico), for “La ciudad inhabitable: ¿Redensificación o destrucción de la vivienda?” (“The Inhabitable City: Housing Redensification or Destruction?”) 

Jon Gorey is a staff writer at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

Lead image: The opening ceremony of the 2023 Latin American Conference of Investigative Journalism (COLPIN) at the Colegio San Ildefonso, Mexico City. The backdrop is Diego Rivera’s first mural, La Creación (Creation), 1922. Credit: Laura Mullahy.

The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy launched the second round of the Accelerating Community Investment initiative’s Community of Practice (ACI CoP) in November, kicking off with a convening in Sante Fe, New Mexico. ACI improves the practice of public finance by creating opportunities for public development, housing, and infrastructure finance agencies to engage in skill building and peer learning with philanthropies, mission-aligned investors, and the broader capital markets, with the goal of increasing investment and its impact on communities across the nation. 

Through this initiative, the Lincoln Institute connects participants in local community investment ecosystems to each other and their peers elsewhere—helping to form partnerships that create new, community-led investments in underserved places and people. The ACI CoP, first launched in 2021 with approximately 40 agencies and institutions from 14 states, has expanded to 100 participants now representing 18 states across the country. 

“My team’s participation in the Lincoln Institute’s ACI CoP over the past three years has been transformational,” said Laura N. Brunner, president and CEO of the Port of Greater Cincinnati Development Authority. “It is difficult to say whether the education or the relationship building has been more impactful, because both far exceeded our expectations. The technical content contributes to our ability to move from ‘good to great,’ and the friendships and perspectives of fellow members allow us to benchmark ourselves against others and enjoy the comfort of safe spaces to learn.” 

ACI seeks to increase the availability of capital in the right places, at the right times, and for the right purposes. The initiative includes field research, a national CoP focused on peer learning and skill development, and technical assistance and support for participants to develop and deploy impactful mission-aligned investment opportunities. These opportunities create a more fertile environment for investment in community and economic development, housing, and more, for the benefit of residents and communities.  

“Our work in ACI, focusing on deepening the skills of public finance practitioners and creating connections with values-aligned impact capital holders, is helping to drive new investments that improve the quality of life in underserved communities across the country,” said Robert J. “R.J.” McGrail, senior fellow at the Lincoln Institute and initiative director for ACI. “These public finance leaders not only have the capacity to tap large pools of capital and leverage public funding, but they can also help impact-minded and values-aligned investors channel new capital to communities where it will create deeper impact.” 

“Over the last few years in the Accelerating Community Investment initiative, we’ve seen the benefits of bringing together new civic coalitions to tackle local problems,” said George W. McCarthy, president and CEO of the Lincoln Institute. “Whether we’re trying to meet the challenge of supplying adequate affordable shelter to residents, preparing to support a low- or no-carbon fleet, or adapting our cities to endure the climate crisis, we need unprecedented multisectoral cooperation to deploy unprecedented volumes of financial and human resources. When the public, private, and civic sectors bring their respective knowledge, discipline, and creativity together, the results can be magical.”   

More information about ACI and a complete list of CoP participants can be found on the Lincoln Institute’s website. 

Kristina McGeehan is director of communications at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

During an era defined by racial reckonings, the COVID pandemic, rapid technological advances, and the unyielding climate emergency, mayors around the world have been thrust into once unimaginable situations. In Mayor’s Desk, an inspiring collection written by Anthony Flint and published by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 20 innovative leaders from five continents share their struggles and successes, along with strategies for making cities more equitable, sustainable, and healthy places to live and work. From Berkeley to Bogotá, Mayor’s Desk proves that progress is possible, even—or maybe especially—in turbulent times, and that local governments are the drivers of global change. 

Since 2018, Lincoln Institute Senior Fellow Anthony Flint has conducted interviews with mayors of large and small cities in the United States, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America about their groundbreaking approaches to our most pressing urban challenges. Mayor’s Desk interviews appear regularly in the Lincoln Institute’s Land Lines magazine and Land Matters podcast. 

In these forthright conversations, local leaders describe how they are using land policy to improve the quality of life for the people who live in their communities. From building a new bike lane to weaning an entire city off fossil fuels, from piloting new sources of revenue to stopping speculators in their tracks, the strategies and solutions in this collection can be of value far beyond their local contexts. The conversations also reveal how the personalities, backgrounds, and values of these mayors shape their leadership styles, whether they are making modest incremental improvements or bold transformations. 

A journalistic time capsule of innovative leadership and tangible change, this book can serve as an inspiration and valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand and influence the evolution of their cities. 

“For mayors, activists, urban planners, students, and citizens of every kind, these pages offer a sample of some of the bold ideas that have been emerging from cities over the past decade,” writes Michael R. Bloomberg, founder of Bloomberg LP and Bloomberg Philanthropies and former mayor of New York City, in the book’s foreword. “The mayors on these pages have differing political viewpoints and party memberships, and that underscores one of the book’s messages: Just as good ideas transcend national borders, they transcend political ideology, too.” 

About the Author 

Anthony Flint is a senior fellow at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, contributing editor to Land Lines, and host of the Land Matters podcast. He is a correspondent for Bloomberg CityLab and the Boston Globe, where he writes about architecture and urban design, and has been a journalist for over 30 years. He is the author of Modern Man: The Life of Le Corbusier, Architect of Tomorrow (New Harvest); Wrestling with Moses: How Jane Jacobs Took on New York’s Master Builder and Transformed the American City (Random House); and This Land: The Battle over Sprawl and the Future of America (Johns Hopkins University Press), as well as coeditor of Smart Growth Policies: An Evaluation of Programs and Outcomes (Lincoln Institute). 

Lead image: Mayor Aki-Sawyerr, center, helps celebrate the installation of marketplace shades in Freetown. Credit: Office of Mayor Yvonne Aki-Sawyerr.

Aftab Pureval, electo en 2021, está haciendo historia como el primer alcalde asiático estadounidense de Cincinnati. Se crio en el suroeste de Ohio, fue hijo de primera generación de estadounidenses y trabajó en una juguetería cuando estaba en la secundaria. Después de graduarse en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Estatal de Ohio, Pureval ejerció varios cargos en la comunidad jurídica, entre ellos, abogado en Procter & Gamble, antes de ingresar al servicio público. Ejerció como secretario del Tribunal del condado de Hamilton de 2016 a 2021, y fue el primer demócrata en ocupar dicha oficina en más de 100 años. Pureval reside en el norte del barrio de Clifton, en Cincinnati, con su esposa y sus dos hijos. A principios de este año, habló con nuestro miembro sénior, Anthony Flint, para el pódcast Land Matters. Esta transcripción se editó por motivos de espacio y claridad.

Anthony Flint: Has atraído mucha atención por lo que algunas personas denominan una “responsabilidad heroica” de preservar el parque de viviendas unifamiliares de la ciudad y mantenerlo lejos de las manos de los inversionistas externos. Explíquenos brevemente cuáles fueron los logros en colaboración con Port of Cincinnati.

Aftab Pureval: Solo para brindar un poco más de contexto, Cincinnati es una de las antiguas ciudades industriales. Tenemos una larga y orgullosa tradición de ser el destino final del Ferrocarril Subterráneo. Fuimos la puerta de entrada a la libertad para muchos esclavos que escapaban de esa experiencia horrible. Tenemos muchos vecindarios históricos, muchas construcciones históricas, y tenemos mucha infraestructura antigua y viviendas unifamiliares antiguas, lo que, sumado al hecho de que somos una ciudad asequible en el contexto nacional, nos convierte en el blanco principal de los inversionistas institucionales.

Desafortunadamente, Cincinnati figura en lista nacional tras lista nacional en cuanto a la tasa de aumento de los alquileres. El factor principal que impulsa esta situación proviene de esos inversionistas, que no son de la ciudad y no tienen ningún interés en el bienestar de Cincinnati y sus inquilinos, y que acaparan todas las viviendas unifamiliares baratas, no hacen nada para invertir en ellas, pero duplican o triplican los alquileres de un día para el otro. La ciudad está haciendo muchas cosas a través de litigaciones, por medio de la aplicación del código . . . para hacerles saber que no estamos jugando. Si vas a tener un comportamiento depredador en nuestra comunidad, no te defenderemos.

Además, hemos tomado medidas en una etapa temprana para prevenir que esto suceda al asociarnos con The Port . . . Cuando muchas propiedades salieron a la venta porque un inversionista institucional las incluyó en un bloque de venta, The Port gastó US$ 14,5 millones para comprar más de 190 viviendas unifamiliares, y superó las apuestas de otros 13 inversionistas institucionales . . . Durante el año pasado, The Port trabajó para modificar esas propiedades a fin de que cumplan con los requisitos [y de encontrar] compradores calificados, a menudo, ciudadanos que están trabajando en la pobreza o de clase media-baja, que jamás han poseído una vivienda.

Este año estamos trabajando en tres de las 194 de esas viviendas disponibles para la venta. Es un gran éxito en desde donde se lo mire . . . pero es solo una herramienta en la que The Port y la ciudad están trabajando para aumentar la capacidad de pago de la vivienda en todos nuestros barrios.

AF: ¿Qué aprendió de esto que pueda transferirse a otras ciudades? Se requiere mucho capital para superar la apuesta de un inversionista institucional.

AP: Es verdad, se requieren muchos fondos. Por eso es que necesitamos más flexibilidad del gobierno federal y del estatal para brindarles a las municipalidades las herramientas necesarias para evitar que esto suceda en una primera instancia. Ahora, una vez que un inversionista institucional clava sus garras en una comunidad, no hay mucho que la ciudad pueda hacer para responsabilizarlo.

Como hemos visto, la mejor estrategia es comprar grandes cantidades de propiedades en una etapa temprana. Muchas ciudades reciben muchos dólares del gobierno federal por medio del Plan de Rescate Estadounidense (ARP, por su sigla en inglés). Hemos usado gran parte de los dólares del ARP no solo para que el dinero llegue a las manos de las personas que más lo necesitan, lo que es de vital importancia en este momento, sino también para asociarnos a otras alianzas público-privadas o a The Port, a fin de proporcionarles los recursos necesarios para comprar grandes cantidades de suelo y conservarlo.

Este es un momento único para las ciudades que tienen más flexibilidad [con] los recursos que provienen del gobierno federal. Incentivaría a todos los alcaldes y consejos a que realmente piensen de forma crítica sobre el uso de los fondos, no solo en el corto plazo, sino también en el largo plazo, para enfrentar a algunas de estas fuerzas macroeconómicas.

AF: Cincinnati se convirtió en un destino de residencia más atractivo, y la población aumentó ligeramente tras años de recesión. ¿Considera a Cincinnati como un refugio del clima o de la pandemia? ¿Qué implicaciones tiene este crecimiento?

AP: Lo que amo de mi trabajo como alcalde es que no me centro necesariamente en los próximos dos o cuatro años, sino en los próximos 100 años. En este momento, estamos atravesando un cambio de paradigma debido a la pandemia. La forma en la que vivimos, trabajamos y jugamos está cambiando drásticamente. El trabajo remoto está transformando por completo nuestro estilo de vida económico en todo el país, pero, en particular, aquí en el Medio Oeste.

No me cabe duda de que debido al cambio climático, debido al aumento del costo de vida en la costa, habrá una migración hacia el interior. No sé si será entre los próximos 50 o 75 años, pero sucederá. Estamos viendo cómo grandes empresas toman decisiones con base en el cambio climático. Tan solo a dos horas al norte de Cincinnati, Intel está invirtiendo US$ 200.000 millones para crear la planta semiconductora más amplia del país, atraída por nuestro acceso a agua dulce y la resiliencia climática de nuestra región.

Ahora, no me malinterpreten: el cambio climático nos afecta a todos . . . pero en Ohio y Cincinnati, no observamos los incendios forestales, las sequías, los huracanes, los terremotos, la erosión costera que vemos en otras partes del país, lo que nos hace un refugio seguro del cambio climático no solo para la inversión privada sino también para las personas.

Cincinnati está creciendo, en parte, porque, en este momento, nuestra economía se está expandiendo, pero creo que realmente veremos un crecimiento exponencial en las próximas décadas debido a estos factores masivos que empujan a la gente hacia el interior del país. Para asegurarnos de que en el futuro las inversiones y el crecimiento demográfico no desplacen a nuestros residentes actuales, tenemos que estabilizar el mercado ahora y prepararnos para tal crecimiento..

AF: ¿Cuáles son los cambios en el uso del suelo y las mejoras de transporte en las que se está concentrando con relación a esto?

AP: Si queremos que esto salga bien, debemos hacer una revisión y una reforma integrales de nuestras políticas. Nos estuvimos reuniendo con las partes interesadas para [explorar cómo] se vería una Cincinnati moderna. Creo que se vería como un barrio denso y diverso por el que se podría caminar, y tendría un buen transporte público e inversiones en arte público. Ahora mismo, la zonificación de la ciudad de Cincinnati no está promoviendo esos tipos de barrios. Cerca del 70 por ciento de nuestra ciudad se zonificó exclusivamente para uso unifamiliar, lo que representa una restricción artificial en la cantidad de oferta que podemos crear. A su vez, esto está aumentando los alquileres y los impuestos a la propiedad de forma artificial, lo que está haciendo que muchos de nuestros antiguos residentes, incluso aquellos que poseen sus viviendas, se vean desplazados.

Si nos tomamos con seriedad la desconcentración de la pobreza y la desegregación de nuestra ciudad, entonces tenemos que analizar las prohibiciones de unidades multifamiliares. Tenemos que analizar los requisitos de estacionamiento para empresas y viviendas. Tenemos que considerar el desarrollo orientado al transporte público junto con nuestras líneas de tránsito rápido de autobuses. Tenemos que considerar oportunidades creativas para crear más viviendas como unidades accesorias, pero nada de esto es fácil . . . Tengo la convicción de que podemos lograr algunos cambios sustanciales para nuestro código de zonificación a fin de propiciar una mayor capacidad de pago, fomentar más transporte público y, simplemente, ser una ciudad más ecológica. En este punto, asumimos el compromiso de que, cuando estén disponibles, solo compraremos vehículos para la cuidad que sean eléctricos. Tenemos la granja solar administrada por una ciudad más grande de todo el país, lo que contribuye significativamente a nuestro consumo de energía.

AF: Un poco de esto es volver al futuro, porque la ciudad tenía tranvías. ¿Tiene la sensación de que existe una apreciación de eso, de que esos tiempos, en realidad, hicieron que la ciudad funcione mejor?

AP: La ciudad solía ser densa, solía tener tranvías increíbles, transporte público, y luego, lamentablemente, las ciudades, no solo Cincinnati sino en todo el país, vieron una disminución constante de la población, y una pérdida de residentes desplazados a los suburbios. Ahora las personas quieren regresar a la ciudad, pero tenemos el trabajo duro de deshacer lo que muchas ciudades intentaron hacer, que fue crear vecindarios de suburbios dentro de una ciudad para incentivar que la gente de los suburbios regrese. Se trata de deshacer un poco el pasado a la vez que nos concentramos en lo que supo existir.

AF: ¿Qué le preocupa más sobre este tipo de transiciones, y qué identifica como el problema principal que enfrentan las personas de ingresos bajos y comunidades de color en Cincinnati?

AP: Desplazamiento. Si no podemos ser una ciudad asequible para sus residentes, estos se irán, lo que es perjudicial en muchos aspectos. Si la ciudad no crece, una ciudad de nuestra magnitud y con nuestra ubicación dentro del país, entonces muere, muere rápido. Las ciudades de magnitudes como la nuestra tienen que crecer, y para que esto ocurra, no solo debemos reunir talento, sino también preservar a las familias y las comunidades antiguas que han estado aquí desde el primer momento..

Ninguna ciudad del país descubrió una forma de crecer sin desplazamiento. Los factores del mercado, los factores económicos son tan profundos y es tan difícil influir sobre estos, y los recursos de la ciudad son tan limitados, que es realmente difícil . . . A menudo, supongo que me frustro por no contar con suficientes recursos, suficiente autoridad para tener un impacto significativo en las fuerzas macroeconómicas que están ingresando a la ciudad. Ya que, si alcanzamos nuestro sueño, que es más inversión, más crecimiento, esto conllevará consecuencias negativas, y es realmente difícil de gestionar ambos..

AF: La página web de la alcaldía dice que Cincinnati está bien posicionada para ser líder en el cambio climático localmente y en el exterior. ¿Qué cree que la ciudad tiene para ofrecer que hace que se distinga en términos de acción climática?

AP: Todas nuestras iniciativas políticas se analizaron con dos lentes. El primer lente es el de la equidad racial y el segundo, el del clima. Esto se aplica a todo lo que hacemos, ya sea nuestra valuación de la silvicultura urbana, el análisis de un mapa de calor de nuestra ciudad o las inversiones en árboles no solo para limpiar el aire sino también para enfriar nuestros barrios, [o] nuestras inversiones en biocarbón. Somos una de las únicas tres ciudades en todo el mundo que recibieron un copioso subsidio por parte de Bloomberg Philanthropies para seguir innovando en el mundo del biocarbón, que es un subproducto de la quema de madera, que es un imán de carbono increíble que ayuda con la escorrentía de aguas pluviales a la vez que captura el carbono del aire.

Últimamente, las empresas y personas que miran hacia el futuro consideran al cambio climático en ese futuro. Si busca una ciudad que sea resiliente ante el cambio climático y además realice inversiones cuantiosas en tecnología climática, entonces Cincinnati es el destino indicado para usted.

Anthony Flint es miembro sénior del Instituto Lincoln de Políticas de Suelo, conduce el ciclo de pódcasts Land Matters y es editor colaborador de Land Lines.

Imagen principal: Aftab Pureval. Crédito: Amanda Rossmann/USA Today Network.

Realizing a low-carbon future that is economically and racially just is an enormous undertaking at any level, but especially for small and midsize older industrial cities. Following their rapid expansion in the early twentieth century, smaller “legacy cities” tend to have established built environments, access to natural resources, and substantial brownfields that make them ripe for sustainable redevelopment. Yet these places often lack the investment and capacity to create and implement comprehensive sustainability initiatives that contribute to a greener local future.

To advance “green” policymaking and implementation, local governments must build the capacity to integrate three concurrent policy areas: climate resilience, environmental justice, and green economic development. By building this strong policy foundation and leveraging newly available funding streams, these cities can chart bold paths toward green regeneration, according to Greening America’s Smaller Legacy Cities, a new Policy Focus Report written by Joseph Schilling, Catherine Tumber, and Gabi Velasco and published by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

Even with limited resources and budgets, these cities can pursue accessible, meaningful strategies to facilitate equitable community engagement, coordinate sustainability initiatives, and cultivate cross-sector partnerships. Indeed, the authors write, “‘greening’ cities is essential, despite these hurdles . . . [in part because] these practices offer a promising place-based pathway for equitable economic and environmental rebirth, or ‘green regeneration.’”

For local officials and their partners across the public, private, nonprofit, and philanthropic sectors, this report offers strategic policy guidance for achieving meaningful climate resilience and climate justice, and for scaling early efforts effectively. It explores the fast-changing world of local-level climate policy and planning, as well as the existing policy levers municipalities can use to reform land use practices, plan for blue-green infrastructure, redevelop brownfields, construct green buildings, and prepare for low-carbon energy build-out.

To help readers take action, the report breaks down the practical strategies, specific steps, and key resources that smaller legacy cities need to link their sustainability efforts to broader partnerships and networks and to secure transformative investments. The authors recommend investing in green intermediaries that can strengthen regional networks, which can help smaller jurisdictions center climate resilience, racial equity, and green economic development. They also recommend integrating climate considerations into existing plans and policies, such as land use plans and codes, electric grid upgrades, and other specific interventions.

“Communities have an unprecedented opportunity to tackle the climate crisis with new federal funding,” said Lisa Wong, the former mayor of Fitchburg, Massachusetts. “This report offers practical steps to implement equitable solutions by creating a road map to increase capacity and integrate policies. With the stakes so high for ourselves and generations to come, this important resource will help local leaders and activists build a better future for legacy cities.”

“Smaller legacy cities bring abundant assets and incredible history to the table when it comes to economic development, but the specific challenges these cities face need tailored solutions, especially when the work is as critical and resource-heavy as green regeneration,” said Jessie Grogan, associate director of reduced poverty and spatial inequality at the Lincoln Institute. “With this report, smaller legacy cities now have their own array of greening tools for leveraging their unique circumstances—tools committed to equity and justice as essential to enduring regeneration.”

Greening America’s Smaller Legacy Cities offers a novel framework for smaller legacy cities’ leaders and for regional, state, and federal allies and partners to create near- and long-term sustainability programming at every level. With consistent awareness of the budget pressures and myriad other constraints these cities face, the authors explore newer funding and capacity-building opportunities, and they offer an insightful guide to the regional intergovernmental policy ecosystems and players that can help or hinder growth.

“This is crucial work,” said Bill McKibben, activist and author of The End of Nature. “These small cities are often the hubs of large regions, and they can’t be allowed to just molder away. Instead, they have a bright—and bright green—future, if we can come together to help them make the transition!”

Today, smaller legacy cities are regional economic centers and county seats, with a modest sense of scale, history of productive know-how, and access to farmland, forests, and water assets. They are crucial to constructing a more sustainable, equitable low-carbon world. While individual places have different histories, demographics, and spatial challenges to consider, the report ultimately details how, through integrating climate resilience, environmental justice, and green economic development initiatives, each smaller legacy city can forge its own path toward equitable green regeneration.

Allison Ehrich Bernstein is principal at Allative Communications.

Lead image: Providence, Rhode Island. Credit: tupungato via iStock/Getty Images Plus.