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Contact: Anthony Flint 617-503-2116
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. (August 27, 2010) -- Inclusionary housing – the provision of affordable housing by private developers either through requirements or incentives – has emerged as the most significant new public policy direction in the realm of social and affordable housing in recent decades, according to a new book published by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
The policy can be especially effective when private developers are required to provide affordable housing as a condition of any zoning change, as a method of value capture, say Nico Calavita and Alan Mallach, co-editors of Inclusionary Housing in International Perspective:
Affordable Housing, Social Inclusion, and Land Value Recapture.
Inclusionary housing, also broadly known in the United States as inclusionary zoning, is a means of using the planning system to create affordable housing and foster social inclusion by capturing resources created through the marketplace. Programs, regulations, and laws prompt private developers to incorporate affordable housing on-site, build it elsewhere, or contribute money or land for the production of social or affordable housing by others.
Inclusionary Housing in International Perspective examines inclusionary housing programs in-depth in seven countries (Canada, England, France, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and the United States) and reports on experiences in others, including Australia, Colombia, India, Israel, Malaysia, New Zealand, and South Africa,
Inclusionary housing originated in the U.S in the early 1970s, and gradually spread to Canada, western Europe, and more recently to countries throughout the world. The initial intellectual impetus came from the civil rights movement of the 1960s, and the recognition of the close relationship between the pervasive racial segregation in American society and land use regulations that perpetuated it through what came to be known as exclusionary zoning. Indeed, the term inclusionary zoning was coined as the converse, and was first used to refer more broadly to any strategy designed to foster the production of affordable housing in otherwise exclusive and affluent suburban jurisdictions.
Calavita and Mallach assess the outcomes of inclusionary housing programs both in theory and practice, describe why and how each country chose to adopt inclusionary policies, and discern what works best under what circumstances. Particular attention is given to the manner and extent to which each country’s inclusionary policies actually create affordable housing, foster social inclusion, and either provide explicitly or result implicitly in the recapture of land value increments for public benefit.
The authors found that two countries (Canada and the United States) decentralize land use regulation to the state or provincial level; two countries (Ireland and Spain) centrally mandate inclusionary housing; two countries (England and France) centrally enable its use; and one country (Italy) until recently did neither centrally, thus prompting inclusionary housing as a local initiative. Other nations including Colombia, India, Israel, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and South Africa offer their own variations of inclusionary housing.
Global political shifts and changes in economic and social policy have all contributed to the emergence of inclusionary housing as arguably the most significant new public policy direction in the realm of social and affordable housing in recent decades. The chapter authors explore how variations in political, social, and economic cultures and conditions have led to different forms of inclusionary housing, and how the policies are working on the ground to address the need for better housing and greater social inclusion.
Contents
Foreword, Juli Ponce Sole
1. An International Perspective on Inclusionary Housing, Nico Calavita and Alan Mallach
2. United States: From Radical Innovation to Mainstream Housing Policy, Alan Mallach and Nico Calavita
3. Canada: Social Inclusion in a Market-Driven Polity, Alan Mallach and Nico Calavita
4. England: Affordable Housing Through the Planning System: The Role of Section 106, Sarah Monk
5. Ireland: The Sudden Emergence of Inclusionary Housing, Nico Calavita and Alan Mallach
6. France: Social Inclusion, Fair Share Goals, and Inclusionary Housing, Alan Mallach
7. Spain’s Constitutional Mandates: The Right to Housing, Land Value Recapture, and Inclusionary Housing, Nico Calavita, Joaquim Clusa, Sara Mur, and Robert Weiner
8. Italy: Political Instability and the Struggle for Planning Equity, Nico Calavita and Giovanni Caudo
9. The Global Reach of Inclusionary Housing, Alan Mallach
10. Conclusions, Nico Calavita and Alan Mallach
About the Editors
Nico Calavita is professor emeritus in the Graduate Program in City Planning at San Diego State University.
Alan Mallach is a nonresident senior fellow at the Metropolitan Policy Program of the Brookings Institution in Washington, DC, and visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
Inclusionary Housing in International Perspective:
Affordable Housing, Social Inclusion, and Land Value Recapture
Edited by Nico Calavita and Alan Mallach
2010 / 416 pages / Paper / $30.00
ISBN: 978-1-55844-209-2
Media copies are available by contacting Anthony Flint at anthony.flint@lincolninst.edu.
The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy is a leading resource for key issues concerning the use, regulation, and taxation of land. Providing high-quality education and research, the Institute strives to improve public dialogue and decisions about land policy.
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